作者：whisper

链接：http://proprogrammar.com:443/article/376

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    1. 应用文

    书信    letter mail e-mail

    通知    notice notification announcement

    格式部分必备词汇 – 称呼

    非特定称呼：

    Dear Sir or Madam，
    To whom it may concern，
    Dear All，

    特定称呼：

    Dear+人名，
    Dear+性别+人名，
    Dear+职务，
    Dear+职务+人名，

    格式部分必备词汇 – 落款

    应用文的类型：

    letter/mail/e-mail    书信
    notice/ announcement    通知

    suggestion（s）/advice/proposals    建议
    make complaint about sth./ complain about sth./ dissatisfaction    报怨
    ask for information/details/advice about sth.    询问
    make an apology/ apologize to sb.     道歉
    express appreciation/thanks/gratitude    感谢

    invite sb. to do sth./ invitation    邀请
    recommend/ recommendation    推荐
    congratulate sb./ congratulations    祝贺
    write a reply    回复
    appeal for sth./ proposal/initiative    建议请求
    apply for a position/job/ further study    申请
    resignation/ quit    辞职

    2. 图画作文

    图画作文必备词：

    我认为，图片传达了一个发人深省的观点。

    I think the picture conveys a thought-provoking point.
    The picture， I think ， conveys a thought-provoking point.
    The picture， I think ， conveys a thought-provoking point （that...)

    在...地方 +站着/坐着/躺着/蹲着+谁，在干什么。
    表示方位的介词短语+谓语动词(vi.)+主语，doing .
    注意谓语动词的选择一定是vi.
    主语的确定 决定了 doing是否好写！

在哪里：in the picture/ in the center of the picture
做什么：stand/lie/run/appear
谁：a man/a woman

In the sunshine stands an American girl.
• In the sunshine stands an American girl, wearing Chinese traditional clothes and smiling.
• In the bright sunshine，as is obviously manifested above， stands a charming and stunning American girl, wearing colorful Chinese traditional clothes of the minority and smiling like a delicate lily-flower.
 

• In the darkness stands a candle.
• In the darkness stands a candle, spreading brightness.
• In the deep and heavy darkness happily stands a remarkably tiny candle, spreading glowing brightness around itself.

    语言的准确度：

    man= sportsman athlete player runner student goalkeeper forward concert-goer phone-lover Beckham-fans goal-guard
    2 men= 2 crazy fans 2 insane fans
    woman=lady ,young lady

    person= tourist vistor viewer
    netizen
    the disabled, the handicapped,
    the physically challenged
    the mentally challenged

    thing=light,lamp,oil lamp,candle

    关联词：

    similarly/ likewise (类似地)
    furthermore/moreover/what’s more/besides（此外地）
    however/yet/but/on the contrary/unfortunately/ironically（相反地）

    图画作文主题词：

    负向话题：
    正面话题：
    中立话题：

    举个栗子：表示“合作” 的单词
    cooperation n. cooperative adj.
    collaboration n. collaborative adj.
    collective effort 共同的努力
    joint effort 共同的努力
    working together
    teamwork
    community spirit 团队精神

    3. 图表作文

    图表作文必备词：

    chart/ graph/ diagram 的分类:
    bar chart/column chart 柱状图
    table/ statistic table/ Excel 表格
    pie chart 饼图/扇图
    line chart/ line graph/ curve chart 曲线图/折线图

    呈现:provide/present/show/indicate/reflect/mirror/echo/illustrate
    数据:data/figure/statistic
    比例:percentage/rate/proportion
    变化:changes/variations/the trend of variation
    差异:difference
    关于:about/concerning/regarding/respecting/in regard to/in respect to

    上升：
    go up
    increase    My turnover increased spectacularly.
    rise
    grow
    show/witness an upward trend     The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend，exceeding/overtaking/surpassing that of lamb in 1980

    急剧上升：
    jump
    shoot up     The proportion/percentage of students from England shot up to 76% in 2009.
    shoot-shot-shot
    surge     The Freedom Party's electoral support surged from under 10 percent to nearly 17 percent.
    soar     The spending on research soared to 2.7 million pounds in 1990.
    soar-soared-soared

    下降：
    decline
    decrease
    fall     Other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2011.
    drop
    dip     The figure dipped to only 4% for much of his period, which was the lowest in the figures for these countries.
    sink
    show/witness a downward trend     The consumption of lamb witnessed a downward trend.

    急剧下降：
    slump fall suddenly     Net profits slumped by 41%.
    plummet decrease quickly by a large amount     The average price of tennis racquets plummeted to 79 pounds in 1990.
    plunge decrease quickly and suddenly     The number began to plunge in 2010

    波动：
    fluctuate （该词永远不能使用被动形式）    fluctuate between A and B.
    fluctuation     In spite of some fluctuations in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will continue to rise in the next two decades.
                          We witness a slight fluctuation during the period of 2010 to 2015

    稳定在一定水平上：
    remain the same     The market share of American autos remained the same from 2008 to 2009.
    remain stable at     The market share of American autos remained stable at around 12% during the period of 2008 to 2009.

    稳定地；逐渐地；缓慢地 steadily；constantly；continuously; slightly; slowly ；gradually；moderately；gently
    快速地、 急剧地、很大地 sharply；dramatically；drastically； steeply； spectacularly；substantially；tangibly；remarkably；amazingly； tremendously

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