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考研翻译基础知识

5035人浏览 / 0人评论 | 作者:whisper  | 分类: 英语  | 标签: 英语  | 

作者:whisper

链接:http://proprogrammar.com:443/article/409

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    考研翻译导学

    考研翻译的题型、命题原则、评分标准:

    准确、通顺、完整

I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. 50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. (2008 年 50)

     翻译复习捷径

  • 弄清每一个单词,掌握好每一个句子,重复性比较大!
  • 要尽可能掌握!真题,不要试图“做完”真题。

     做!翻译

    做翻译,需要动手写,比如英译汉,真正需要不查词典,不看答案,动手写汉字。

(0546) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed, and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe.

     解题步骤

  • 写汉字
  • 小句子
  • 大句子
  • 在连接句子的时候可能需要:

    1.适当找汉语同义近义词替换
    2.适当改变句子顺序(英语原顺序优先)

    考研翻译听课重点复习记忆要点

    听课重点、复习记忆要点

    1.单词:

  • 本意是什么?
  • 在这句话中怎么翻译?为什么要这样翻译?
  • 有没有构成词组?

    2.英语句子结构:

    这句话的主干是什么?更细节一点,某一个单词的词性是什么?(它充当什么成分?)修饰谁?主句在哪?从句在哪?(什么从句?)这个句子有某一个语法难点结构吗?

    3.翻译中汉语的顺序:

  • 汉语句子的顺序是否和英语一致?
  • 如果不一致,怎么调整通顺的?

 

(0546) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed, and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe.

     必须掌握的长句翻译

  • 定语从句
  • 状语从句
  • 被动结构
  • 复习,稳定自己的翻译能力

    翻译能力巩固提高

  • 名词性从句
  • 插入结构
  • 倒装结构
  • 强调结构
  • 否定结构
  • 比较结构

    复习考研

  • 复习,复习,复习!
  • 重复,重复,重复!
  • 看英语,说汉语——确保单词都认识、确保结构都清晰、确保译文都知道。
  • 复习考研、做题考研
  • 课程中的任何句子,一定要:先做题,再听讲;边听讲,边笔记;再看书(《拆分与组合翻译法》),再复习!

    考研翻译复习策略

(2003, 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

    考研翻译高分策略

    ???
    舍,与得,有舍才有得!
    心态最重要!
    努力就成功!

    考研翻译的题型、命题原则和评分标准

    1.题型

    大:主观题

    1)写汉字

    单词: A.蒙 B.背

(0361) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
(1547) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
(0261) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
(0850) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character...

    翻译复习捷径

  • 弄清每一个单词,掌握好每一个句子,重复性比较大!
  • 要尽可能掌握!真题,不要试图“做完”真题。

     翻译真题使用的三个阶段:

    A.2000 年——2010 年: 11 年 55 句话,最重要
    B.1990 年——2000 年: 10 年 50 句话,次重要
    C.2010 年——现在:极重要,适合考前模考

    单词:先蒙后查、强化背诵真题单词
    真题的使用:掌握 2000 年到 2010 年真题

    2) 书写工整

    小:阅读题

    1)阅读理解的 Part C
    2) 5 个长难句
    3)分值:满分 10 分,每句 2 分
    4)文章一般不用通读,但是划线句上下文需要看。(句中某一个单词的理解和翻译、 代词指代)

(9674) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.
(0550) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say“United we stand, divided we fall” ...
(0948) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
(0173) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

     5)考场时间控制

    2.命题原则

    1)体裁:偏向学术文献,属于“通识”读物
    2)话题:偏向文科,社会科学领域
    3)划线句长度:每句 30 个单词左右,总长度为 150 词。

    考研翻译最难的 5 年试题:

    1998 年
    1999 年
    2011 年
    2012 年
    2013 年

    3.评分标准

    A .重要性:
        =翻译标准
        =检查译文标准
            (多读中文)

    B.准确、通顺、完整

  • 大意相同
  • 说人话
  • 要成句
  • 准确是前提

     例句:

I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. 50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.(2008 年 50)

     参考译文:达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力,更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。

(9875) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
(9974) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
(9572) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

    例 1 达尔文相信这种欣赏能力的丧失不仅是一种快乐的丧失,而且可能对他的智力,更可能对他的道德品格造成损害。 (2 分)
    例 2 达尔文确信,这些味觉的丧失,不仅仅是一种快乐的丧失,也是对人们智慧的损害,更可能是对道德品质的损害。 (1.5 分)
    例 3 达尔文深信,失去了欣赏这些东西,他不仅失去了快乐心情,而且可能是智力,也许还有道德特征。 (1 分)
    例 4 达尔文被说服了这些松散不仅失去了幸福,而且估计可能对人工智能有伤害,更可能对道德特点有伤害。 (0.5 分)
    例 5 达尔文失去这些读写听的能力,对他是一个严重的打击,他失去的不仅是幸福和希望,而且损伤知识分子,更严重的是精神人物的健康。 (0 分)

    做!翻译

    翻译入门最快方法: 做!翻译;非“看”翻译

    做!翻译

    做翻译,需要动手写,比如英译汉,真正需要不查词典,不看答案, 动手写汉字。

(0546) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed, and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed

 

Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed

 

  • 电视
  • 电视是
  • 电视是一种方式,
  • 电视是一种方式,通过
  •  电视是一种方式,通过这种方式,
  • 电视是一种方式,通过这种方式,这些感受(感情,情感,感觉)
  • 电视是一种方式,通过这种方式,这些感受被创造
  • 电视是一种方式,通过这种方式,这些感受被创造和传递

    翻译标准

  • 翻译标准=检查译文的标准(多读中文)
  • 准确,通顺,完整

 

  • 电视是一种方式,通过这种方式,这些感受被创造和传递?
  • 电视是一种方式,通过这种方式,创造和传递这些感受?
  • 电视是一种创造和传递这些感受的方式?

     翻译标准:准确、通顺、完整

    通顺:说人话

    1.看主谓宾核心词是否搭配
    2.看动宾和偏正等修饰关系是否合理
    例:他是一个对待学生严肃又认真的好老师。

  • 电视是一种创造和传递这些感受的方式?
  • 电视是一种创造和传递这些感受的方式?
  • 电视是一种激发和传递这些感受的方式。

 

 and perhaps never before // has it served so much //to connect different peoples and nations //as in recent events in Europe.

    1.或许以前从来没有
    2.电视起如此大的作用
    3.联系不同民族和国家
    4.像在最近的欧洲事件中

  • 在联系不同民族和国家方面,电视也许以前从来没有, 像在最近欧洲事件中,起如此大的作用。(起的作用之大,前所未有)
  • 电视是一种激发和传递这些感情的方式,在联系不同的民族和国家方面,电视也许以前从来没有, 像在最近欧洲事件中,起如此大的作用。

     考研翻译解题步骤

    解题步骤

    1.对着英语写汉字,把认识的单词尽可能写下来。
    2.当有三个左右的汉语词(一个主干,或者一个词组),尽量构成一个小句子。
    3.把每两个小句子,连贯成通顺的大句子。

  • 写汉字
  • 小句子
  • 大句子
  • 在连接句子的时候可能需要:

    1.适当找汉语同义近义词替换
    2.适当改变句子顺序(英语原顺序优先)

(0646) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

 

  • 我将要
  • 我将要定义
  • 我将要定义他
  • 我将要定义他作为
  • 我将要定义他作为一个
  • 我将要定义他作为一个个体
  • 我将要把他定义为一个个体

 

 (0364)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

     我将要把知识分子定义为一个个体

  • 我将要把知识分子定义为一个人
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他选择
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他选择作为
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他选择。。。作为。。。
  • 作为他的
  • 作为他的首要的
  • 作为他的首要的责任
  • 作为他的首要的责任和快乐
  • 作为他的首要的责任和快乐,在生命中
  • 作为他在生命中的首要责任和快乐,
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他选择。。。作为。。。
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他选择。。。作为他在生命中的首要责任和快乐,
  • 思考的活动
  • 思考的活动,以苏格拉底的方式
  • 以苏格拉底的方式来思考的活动,
  • 以苏格拉底的方式来思考的活动,道德问题
  • 以苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题的活动,
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他选择。。。作为他在生命中的首要责任和快乐,
  • 我将要把知识分子定义为这样一个人,他选择了以一种苏格拉底的方式来思考道德问题的活动,作为他在生命中的首要责任和快乐。

    考研翻译考试要点

    翻译的考试要点

    1.考查学生对单词的理解和翻译,包括专有名词、词组、多义词的翻译。
    land community
    陆地生物群落,陆生群落

  • 举例:

 

Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control
them.
(2010 年 46 题, 25 words)
Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control
them. (2010 年 46 题, 25 words)

 

  • to the effect that:大意是说。

    例如: He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning. 他留下一张字条, 大意是说他不回来了。

  • life
  • school
  • wrong
  • host

...with some distinctly shaky evidence
                       副词 + 形容词

     以-ly 结尾的副词+形容词的话,一般表程度,大多数可以翻译为“非常、极其、很”。 -ly 副词+形容词:非常、很

(2003, 63)makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
(2004, 63)were often so strikingly different from

     1. 考查学生对单词的理解,包括专有名词、词组、多义词的翻译。

  • 熟词生义
  • 生词

    2.考查学生对复杂英语句子结构的理解和翻译,包括:定语从句,状语从句,被动结构,并列结构等等。

    举例:

Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. (2010 年 46 题, 25 words)

Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence

  • 科学家赶紧出来挽救这种局面,使用明显站不住脚的证据
  • 科学家使用明显站不住脚的证据,赶紧出来挽救这种局面。

to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

  • 证据的大意是说:昆虫会把我们吃光,如果鸟类不能控制它们。
  • 证据的大意是说:如果鸟类不能控制昆虫,昆虫就会把我们给吃光。

    考研翻译听课重点复习记忆要点

    听课重点、复习记忆要点

    1.单词:

  • 本意是什么?
  • 在这句话中怎么翻译?为什么要这样翻译?
  • 有没有构成词组?

     2.英语句子结构:

  • 这句话的主干是什么?更细节一点,某一个单词的词性是什么?(它充当什么成分?)修饰谁?主句在哪?从句在哪?(什么从句?)这个句子有某一个语法难点结构吗?

    3.翻译中汉语的顺序:

  • 汉语句子的顺序是否和英语一致?
  • 如果不一致,怎么调整通顺的?

    掌握句子

  • 复习,不断复习!
  • 看英语,说汉语——翻译思维训练

    a.我讲,你记,再看着英语,说汉语;
    b.你说,我讲,再看着英语,说汉语;
    c.你直接说汉语答案

(0850) I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

    “做”翻译

(0546) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed, and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe.
(0646) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
(2010 年 46 题, 25 words) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

    最后附上历年真题及答案

    考研翻译真题及参考译文


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