作者：whisper

链接：http://proprogrammar.com:443/article/212

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    定语从句的概述

                     先行词=关系词

    Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.

                       ↓                                       ↓

    Law is a discipline.   A discipline encourages responsible judgment.

    定语从句的写法

    1.先行词是事／物，关系词选择 which／that

    Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.

    2. 先行词是人，关系词选择who／whom／that

    In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

    3. 先行词是人／物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词选择whose

    It also pledged to not deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.

    4. 先行词是时间，关系词选择when

    It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high‐quality arts criticism could be found in most big‐city newspapers.

    5. 先行词是地点，关系词选择where

    Today, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones.

    6. 先行词是原因，关系词选择why

    The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild‐like ownership structure of the business.

    关于定语从句关系词的注意事项：
        • 定语从句的关系词每一个都作成分，包括that。
        • whom 指人，只能作宾语使用。
        • 关系词在定语从句中作宾语（动宾或介宾）时，都可以省略。

    补充：特殊的关系词 whereby = by which

    The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.

    定语从句的分类

    限定性定语从句

    He will call his friend who is working in London.

    非限定性定语从句 先行词范围明确

    He will call his mother, who is working in London.

    If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method.

    （一）限定性定语从句与同位语从句的区别

    One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.

    The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.

    … we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

    （二）特殊的非限定性定语从句（修饰整句话）

    A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.

    Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’ s early life and its conditions are often the
greatest gift to an individual.

    （三）介词提前的定语从句

    Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live.

    … commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.

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